So how can we truly maximize gluteal activation to maintain a stable. Of deep hip external rotators including quadratus femoris, obturator exturnus. This means incorporating the exercises below in your warm up will.
(Redirected from Quadriceps muscles)
Quadriceps femoris muscle | |
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Quadriceps femoris, with different muscles in different colors. rectus femoris - blue vastus lateralis - yellow vastus intermedius - green vastus medialis - red | |
Details | |
Origin | Combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles |
Insertion | Tibial tuberosity |
Artery | Femoral artery |
Nerve | Femoral nerve |
Actions | Kneeextension; Hipflexion (Rectus femoris only) |
Identifiers | |
Latin | Musculus quadriceps femoris |
MeSH | D052097 |
TA | A04.7.02.017 |
FMA | 22428 |
Anatomical terms of muscle |
The quadriceps femoris (/ˈkwɒdrɪsɛpsˈfɛmərɪs/, also called the quadriceps extensor, quadriceps or quads) is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh.
It is the great extensor muscle of the knee, forming a large fleshy mass which covers the front and sides of the femur. The name derives from Latin four-headed muscle of the femur.
- 1Structure
- 3Society and culture
Structure[edit]
The quadriceps consists of four separate muscles
It is subdivided into four separate muscles (the 'heads'):
- Rectus femoris occupies the middle of the thigh, covering most of the other three quadriceps muscles. It originates on the ilium. It is named from its straight course.
- The other three lie deep to rectus femoris and originate from the body of the femur, which they cover from the trochanters to the condyles:
- Vastus lateralis is on the lateral side of the femur (i.e. on the outer side of the thigh).
- Vastus medialis is on the medial side of the femur (i.e. on the inner part thigh).
- Vastus intermedius lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on the front of the femur (i.e. on the top or front of the thigh), but deep to the rectus femoris. Typically, it cannot be seen without dissection of the rectus femoris.
All four parts of the quadriceps muscle ultimately insert into the tuberosity of the tibia via the patella, where the quadriceps tendon becomes the patellar ligament.
There is a small fifth muscle of the quadriceps complex called the articularis genus that is not often included.
![Femoris Femoris](http://www.medicalartlibrary.com/images/obturator-internus.jpg)
In addition, cadaver studies have confirmed the presence of a sixth muscle, the tensor vastus intermedius.[1] While the muscle has variable presentations, it consistently originates at the proximal femur, runs between the vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius muscles, and inserts distally at the medial aspect of the patellar base.[1] Historically considered a part of the vastus lateralis, the tensor vastus intermedius muscle is innervated by an independent branch of the femoral nerve and its tendinous belly can be separated from the vasti lateralis and intermedius muscles in most cases.[1]
Nerve supply[edit]
Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4).
Function[edit]
All four quadriceps are powerful extensors of the knee joint. They are crucial in walking, running, jumping and squatting. Because the rectus femoris attaches to the ilium, it is also a flexor of the hip. This action is also crucial to walking or running as it swings the leg forward into the ensuing step. The quadriceps, specifically the vastus medialis, play the important role of stabilizing the patella and the knee joint during gait.[2]
Society and culture[edit]
Training[edit]
The leg extension is an isolation exercise.
In strength training, the quadriceps are trained by several leg exercises. Effective exercises include the squat and leg press. The isolation movement (i.e. targeting solely the quadriceps) is the leg extension exercise.
In body building communities, this muscle is colloquially referred to as the 'leg triceps'.[3]
Etymology[edit]
The proper Latin plural form of the adjectivequadriceps would be quadricipites. In modern English usage, quadriceps is used in both singular and plural. The singular form quadricep, produced by back-formation, is frequently used.
Additional images[edit]
- The quadriceps tendon connects to the top part of the kneecap (patella)
- Cross-section through the middle of the thigh.
- The quadriceps forms the bulk of front part of the thigh.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ abcGrob, K; Ackland, T; Kuster, MS; Manestar, M; Filgueira, L (6 January 2016). 'A newly discovered muscle: The tensor of the vastus intermedius'(PDF). Clinical Anatomy. 29 (2): 256–263. doi:10.1002/ca.22680. PMID26732825.
- ^Therapeutic Exercises, Carolyn Kisner & Lynn A. Colby, 5th ed. (2002) 692-93.
- ^Monaghan, L. (2002). Vocabularies of motive for illicit steroid use among bodybuilders. Social Science & Medicine, 55(5), 695-708.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quadriceps femoris muscle. |
- Quadriceps_muscle at the Duke University Health System's Orthopedics program
- 'Anatomy diagram: 39960.000-1'. Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator. Elsevier. Archived from the original on 2014-01-01.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quadriceps_femoris_muscle&oldid=925340413'
Quadratus femoris muscle | |
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Muscles of the gluteal and posterior femoral regions with quadratus femoris muscle highlighted | |
Details | |
Origin | Ischial tuberosity |
Insertion | Intertrochanteric crest |
Artery | medial circumflex femoral artery |
Nerve | Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1) |
Actions | lateral rotation and adduction of thigh[1] |
Identifiers | |
Latin | musculus quadratus femoris |
TA | A04.7.02.015 |
FMA | 22321 |
Anatomical terms of muscle |
The quadratus femoris is a flat, quadrilateral skeletal muscle. Located on the posterior side of the hip joint, it is a strong external rotator and adductor of the thigh,[2] but also acts to stabilize the femoral head in the acetabulum. Quadratus femoris use in the Meyer's muscle pedicle grafting to prevent avascular necrosis of femur head.
Course[edit]
It originates on the lateral border of the ischial tuberosity of the ischium of the pelvis.[1] From there, it passes laterally to its insertion on the posterior side of the head of the femur: the quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest and along the quadrate line, the vertical line which runs downward to bisect the lesser trochanter on the medial side of the femur. Along its course, quadratus is aligned edge to edge with the inferior gemellus above and the adductor magnus below, so that its upper and lower borders run horizontal and parallel.[3]
At its origin, the upper margin of the adductor magnus is separated from it by the terminal branches of the medial femoral circumflex vessels.
A bursa is often found between the front of this muscle and the lesser trochanter. Sometimes absent.
Clinical Significance[edit]
Groin pain can be a disabling ailment with many potential root causes: one such cause, often overlooked, is quadratus femoris tendinitis. Magnetic resonance imaging can show abnormal signal intensity at the insertion of the right quadratus femoris tendon, which suggests inflammation of the area.[4] Since the muscle works to laterally rotate and adduct the femur, actions involving the lower body can strain the muscle. In addition, patients present with hip pain and an increased signal intensity of the MRI of the quadratus femoris have been shown to also have a significantly narrower ischiofemoral space compared to the general populace. The ischiofemoral impingement may be a cause of the hip pain associated with quadratus femoris tendinitis.[5]
Quadratus femoris muscle
Additional images[edit]
- Right femur. Posterior surface.
- Structures surrounding right hip-joint.
- Nerves of the right lower extremity Posterior view.
- Quadratus femoris muscle
- Muscles of Thigh. Anterior views.
Notes[edit]
- ^ abThieme Atlas of Anatomy (2006), p 424
- ^Platzer (2004), p 238
- ^Mcminn (2003), p 166
- ^Klinkert, P. (1997). 'Quadratus femoris tendinitis as a cause of groin pain'(PDF). British Journal of Sports Medicine. 31: 348–349. doi:10.1136/bjsm.31.4.348 – via BMJ.
- ^Torriani, Martin; Souto, Silvio C. L.; Thomas, Bijoy J.; Ouellette, Hugue; Bredella, Miriam A. (2009-07-01). 'Ischiofemoral Impingement Syndrome: An Entity With Hip Pain and Abnormalities of the Quadratus Femoris Muscle'. American Journal of Roentgenology. 193 (1): 186–190. doi:10.2214/AJR.08.2090. ISSN0361-803X.
References[edit]
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 477 of the 20th edition ofGray's Anatomy(1918)
- Mcminn, R.M.H. (2003). Last's Anatomy Regional and Applied. Elsevier Australia. ISBN0-7295-3752-8.
- Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol 1: Locomotor system (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN3-13-533305-1. (ISBN for the Americas 1-58890-159-9.)
- Thieme Atlas of Anatomy. Thieme. 2006. ISBN978-1-60406-062-1.
External links[edit]
- Anatomy photo:13:st-0409 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center
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